吉林大椅子山火山年代学、地球化学特征及其排气量的估算     

于福生  袁万明  韩松  马志邦  靳克 《地球学报》2004,25(2):219-223

利用铀系组分法测得龙岗大椅子山火山喷发时间为距今71±9ka,属于晚更新世。各类喷发物的岩石化学、地球化学特征表明 ,它们形成于同一岩浆源。根据岩石学方法 ,结合Thordarson(1996)等人的排气模型 ,估算此次喷发向大气层输送的HCl、HF总量分别为7.36Mt和5.21Mt。  相似文献   

粤北大宝山矿区加里东期火山岩的厘定及其地质意义   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

伍静  王广强  梁华英  黄文婷  林书平  邹银桥  孙卫东  王要武 《岩石学报》2014,30(4):1145-1154

粤北大宝山矿区一带出露一套与层状Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn矿化紧密共生的层状火成岩。层状火成岩产状与上覆页岩及大理岩和下伏碳质页岩基本一致。本文通过层状火成岩显微特征及锆石年龄探讨火成岩形成环境及时代。层状火成岩为斑状结构,块状构造,局部发育条带状构造及流动构造。层状火成岩的斑晶主要由火山喷发形成的棱角明显石英、斜长石、钾长石、少量角闪石、黑云母及黄铁矿等晶屑及少量岩屑组成,基质为火山熔浆凝结形成的全晶质矿物,主要由粒度极细的石英、钾长石、绢云母、白云母及少量黑云母等组成,石英和钾长石构成典型的霏细结构。层状火成岩含大量火山碎屑及具流动构造等现象表明其为火山碎屑熔岩类,主要为英安质凝灰熔岩、流纹质凝灰熔岩及角砾熔岩。大宝山矿区中部流纹质凝灰熔岩和东部丘坝一带英安质凝灰熔岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为436.4±4.1Ma,MSWD=0.94和434.1±4.4Ma,MSWD=1.9,是加里东期形成的。据大宝山矿区熔岩锆石U-Pb年龄,结合层状熔岩和灰岩及碳质页岩紧密共生及区域深大断裂构造活动特征,我们认为大宝山与层状矿化关系密切的层状火成岩为加里东期海相火山熔岩,粤北一带加里东期海相火山活动可能和形成于加里东期的吴川-四会深大断裂活动有关。  相似文献   

Effect of time-evolving age and convergence rate of the subducting plate on the Cenozoic adakites and boninites     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust expressed as high-Mg volcanic rocks such as adakites and boninites has been actively studied for decades, and Lee and King (2010) reported that time-evolving subduction parameters such as the age and the subduction rate of the converging oceanic plate play important roles in transient partial melting of the subducting oceanic crust (e.g., Aleutians). However, few subduction model experiments have considered time-evolving subduction parameters, posing problems for studies of transient partial melting of subducting oceanic crust in many subduction zones. Therefore, we constructed two-dimensional kinematic–dynamic subduction models for the Izu–Bonin, Mariana, Northeast Japan, Kuril, Tonga, Java–Sunda, and Aleutian subduction zones that account for the last 50 Myr of their evolution. The models include the time-evolving age and convergence rate of the incoming oceanic plate, so the effect of time-evolving subduction parameters on transient partial melting of oceanic crust can be evaluated. Our model calculations revealed that adakites and boninites in the Izu–Bonin and Aleutian subduction zones resulted from transient partial melting of oceanic crust. However, the steady-state subduction model using current subduction parameters did not produce any partial melting of oceanic crust in the aforementioned subduction zones, indicating that time-evolving subduction parameters are crucial for modeling transient eruption of adakites and boninites. Our model calculations confirm that other geological processes such as forearc extension, back-arc opening, mantle plumes and ridge subduction are required for partial melting of the oceanic crust in the Mariana, Northeast Japan, Tonga, and southeastern Java–Sunda subduction zones.  相似文献   

海底扩张的潮汐模式   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨学祥 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(2):77-80

2000年6月底，东京以南的伊豆岛开始发生火山与地震活动。此后，在伊豆岛观测到异常的地壳变形，8月底，火山与地震活动达到高潮。对潮汐与火山和地震活动的关系进行了分析，认为：地壳变形是由伊豆岛的岩脉侵入引起的，并且与强潮汐天文条件相对应。根据观测和计算数据提出了海底扩张的潮汐模式。  相似文献   

Geochemistry,dispersal, volumes and chronology of Holocene silicic tephra layers from the Katla volcanic system,Iceland     

Gudrún Larsen  Anthony J. Newton  Andrew J. Dugmore  Elsa G. Vilmundardttir 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(2):119-132

At least 12 silicic tephra layers (SILK tephras) erupted between ca. 6600 and ca. 1675 yr BP from the Katla volcanic system, have been identified in southern Iceland. In addition to providing significant new knowledge on the Holocene volcanism of the Katla system which typically produces basaltic tephra, the SILK tephras form distinct and precise isochronous marker horizons in a climatically sensitive location close to both the atmospheric and marine polar fronts. With one exception the SILK tephras have a narrow compositional range, with SiO₂ between 63 and 67%. Geochemically they are indistinguishable from ocean transported pumice found on beaches in the North Atlantic region, although they differ significantly from the silicic component of the North Atlantic Ash Zone One (NAAZO). Volumes of airborne SILK tephra range from 0.05 to 0.3 km³. We present new isopach maps of the six largest layers and demonstrate that they originate within the Katla caldera. The apparently stable magma system conditions that produced the SILK tephras may have been established as a consequence of the eruption of the silicic component of NAAZO (ca. 10.3 ka) and disrupted by another large‐scale event, the tenth century ad Eldgjá eruption (ca. 1 ka). Despite the current long repose, silicic activity of this type may occur again in the future, presenting hitherto unknown hazards. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

火山玻璃风化层的透射电镜研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张秉良  洪汉净  刘辉  盘晓东 《矿物学报》2008,28(3)

利用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱(EDX)研究了长白山天池火山1000年和4000年前两次大喷发产生的火山玻璃风化层特征.TEM分析显示,4000年前大喷发浮岩中的火山玻璃风化层平均厚度3.7 mm,1000年前大喷发浮岩中的火山玻璃风化层平均厚度为1.0 mm.EDX分析显示,两次大喷发浮岩中的火山玻璃风化层化学组成与火山玻璃相比富Al、Fe,而si减少.火山玻璃风化层富Al发生在Al的浓度较高的中到弱酸溶液中(pH=5～6),火山玻璃表面形成含有少量的非晶质的Al、Si、Fe物质,这些非品质的次生物质是火山玻璃风化早期阶段形成的.天池火山喷发物中火山玻璃的微观特征的差异可能与火山喷发年代和喷发后的环境有关,研究天池火山不同期次喷发物中火山玻璃的微观特征具有一定的理论和实际应用价值.  相似文献   

太阳系天体的火山作用及其比较行星学意义     

肖龙  何琦  黄定华  缪秉魁  张振飞  杨瑞琰  张志 《地质科技情报》2008,27(1):20-30

火山活动是太阳系内所有行星和多数卫星共同经历过的地质作用.类地行星及它们的卫星表面普遍分布着多种火山和火山岩.其中金星、火星和月球与地球上的早期(始太古代)火山活动有许多相似性.现在,火星与月球上的火山活动早已停止,而金星和地球上仍有火山活动.类木行星的卫星上主要活动的是"冰火山",它们之中有些还有十分强烈的活火山活动(如爱莪和海卫一).对太阳系天体火山作用的对比研究能够提供认识太阳系和行星演化、天体深部和浅部地质作用过程、矿产资源形成以及生命的起源和演化等重要信息,是比较行星学的重要组成部分.  相似文献   

Tephra Discovered in High Resolution Peat Sediment and Its Indication to Climatic Event     

程胜高  毛绪美  王凤林  洪业汤  朱咏煊  安琪 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(2):174-183

Floating tephra was deposited together with ice core,snow layer,abyssal sediment,lake sediments,and other geological records.It is of great significance to interpret the impact on the climate change of volcanic eruptions from these geological records.It is the first time that volcanic glass was discovered from the peat of Jinchuan(金川)Maar,Jilin(吉林)Province,China.And it is in situ sediments from a near-source explosive eruption according to particle size analysis and identification results.The tephra were neither from Tianchi(天池)volcano eruptions,Changbai(长白)Mountain,nor from Jinlongdingzi(金龙顶子)volcano about 1 600 aBP eruption,but maybe from an unknown eruption of Longgang(龙岗)volcano group according to their geochemistry and distribution.Geochemical characters of the tephra are similar to those of Jingiongdingzi,which are poor in s.Jica,deficient in alkali,Na20 content is more than K20 content,and are similar to distribution patterns of REE and incompatible elements,which helps to speculate that they originated from the same mantle magma with rare condemnation,and from basaltic explosive eruption of Longgang volcano group.The tephra,from peat with age proved that the eruption possibly happened in 15 BC-26 AD,is one of Longgang volcano group eruption that was not recorded and is earlier than that of Jinglongdingzi about 1 600 aBP eruption.And the sedimentary time of tephra is during the period of low temperature alteration.which may be the influence of eruption toward the local climate according to the correlativity of eruption to local temperature curve of peat cellulose oxygen isotope.  相似文献   

山西天池煤矿构造特征及其形成机制     

张飞燕  姜波  韦重韬  周延召  刘磊 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(10):70-73

基于天池煤矿地质勘探资料,结合区域构造背景研究了矿井地质构造特征及形成机制。天池煤矿构造属简单构造,地层总体呈走向北东、倾向北西的单斜构造,矿井内褶皱发育程度较低,断层以正断层为主,其次为低角度逆掩断层。陷落柱分布较为杂乱,成群出现,常见于褶皱轴部。自三叠纪末期开始一直受到区域构造活动的控制作用,印支期受SN向的挤压,形成了一些近EW向的构造;燕山期经历两期NWW--SEE向挤压使井田内地层及煤层主体呈NE走向;喜山早期的NE—SW向挤压,导致NE向断层的性质发生转变;上新世开始表现为区域上的伸展作用。  相似文献   

Three dimensional seismic studies of deep-water hazard-related features on the northern slope of South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Mass transport deposits and geological features related to fluid flow such as gas chimneys, mud diapirs and volcanos, pockmarks and gas hydrates are pervasive on the canyon dominated northern slope of the Pearl River Mouth basin of the South China Sea. These deposits and structures are linked to serious geohazards and are considered risk factors for seabed installations. Based on high resolution three dimensional seismic surveys, seismic characteristics, distributions and origins of these features are analyzed. A distribution map is presented and geometrical parameters and spatial distribution patterns are summarized. Results show that various groups of the mapped features are closely tied to local or regional tectonism and sedimentary processes. Mass transport complexes are classified as slides near the shelf break, initially deformed slumps on the flanks of canyons and highly deformed slumps on the lower slope downslope of the mouth of canyons. We propose them to be preconditioned by pore pressure changes related to sea level fluctuations, steep topography, and fluid and fault activities. Gas chimneys are mainly located in the vicinity of gas reservoirs, while bottom-simulating reflectors are observed within the gas chimney regions, suggesting gas chimneys serve as conduits for thermogenic gas. Mud diapirs/volcanos and pockmarks are observed in small numbers and the formation of pockmarks is related to underlying gas chimneys and faults. This study aims at reducing risks for deep-water engineering on the northern slope of South China Sea.  相似文献